sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
than; from; out of; except; but; more
pupil; student; schoolchild
recruitment; invitation; raising (funds, donations, etc.); collection; flotation (of shares, loans, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
closing of a school; closed school
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
now; the present time; just now; another; more
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
suffix for familiar person
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
second day of the month; two days
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
open day; open house; day when prospective students can visit a university
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...