previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
preliminary contest; qualifying round; trial; heat; primary
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
cold; frigid; bracing; dignified
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
overall victory; championship
vinegar used to wash or season seafood
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
combination; union; incorporation; congruence
live (esp. concert, show, etc.); live performance; alive
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to match (implies competition); to rival
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
myself; yourself; I; me; you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to one's heart's content; as much as one wants; as hard as one can; resolution; decisiveness; determination
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
in this way; thus; such; uh...
the best one can do; one's best effort; with all one's might; to the best of one's ability
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem