indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
escape; flight; running away; elopement; fleeing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to plan; to plot; to attempt (e.g. suicide, murder); to undertake (e.g. business); (arch.) to stand on tip-toes
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
resistance; opposition; reluctance; repulsion; resistance; drag
in spite of; nevertheless; although; despite; no matter the; regardless of
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
storm; tempest; uproar; hullabaloo; storm (e.g. of protest)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to start rowing; to begin to row; to row out (e.g. to sea); to pull out; to start pedaling; to begin to pedal
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
scorch; burn; burnt rice; part of ceramic glaze that has become dark or darkish-brown during firing
to row; to scull; to pedal (e.g. bicycle); to swing (on a swing); to operate a hand pump; to push through (deep snow, the jungle, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to put effort into; to strain; to put strength into; to put forth effort
beast (i.e. any animal other than man); person reborn into the animal realm; brute (i.e. a contemptible human being); damn it; damn
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued
adds force or indicates command
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
oar; all; (pulling an) all-nighter; staying up all night long
to be useful; to be helpful; to serve the purpose
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
any more; any further; any better; any longer
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to be overturned; to be reversed; to turn over; to fall down; to tumble down; to topple over
to put back; to return; to vomit; to throw up; to recover (of a market price)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not