indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
middle of the night; dead of night
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
unintentionally; inadvertently; calmly; casually; nonchalantly; innocently
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
pattern; design; body build; figure; essential qualities; character
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to crouch; to squat; to cower
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to turn one's face; to turn around; to look over one's shoulder
looking; viewing; (please) try (to)
bungler; greenhorn; clumsy; poor hand
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
tuber; taro; yokel; bumpkin; dud; worthless thing
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
screw; key (of a clock, watch, etc.); spring (of a clock, watch, etc.)
to finger; to touch; to make changes to; to tinker with; to dabble in; to do as a hobby
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...