everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
helmet (of a warrior); headpiece
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hibernation; winter sleep; torpor
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to wake; to wake up; to become sober; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to be disillusioned
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
family; relatives; dependents; household
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
making frequent appearances; appearing often; appearing and disappearing
by means of; due to; because of; according to
gradually (progress into a state); in sequence; in order; in turn
wonder; miracle; amazement; prodigy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to expose (to the sun, public, danger, etc.); to bleach; to refine; to rinse (vegetables); to soak; to doxx
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
number one; first; best; most; game; round
to understand from experience
vice-minister (Meiji period); undersecretary
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
lately; recently; nowadays
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that