honorific/polite/humble prefix
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
jello (gelatin-based dessert); jelly; gel; jelly
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
ball; ball (pitch that falls outside of the strike zone); bowl; board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
drop of water; polka dots
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to say something is all right; to give the all-clear (e.g. to do something)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
New Year's holiday; period encompassing the close of the old year and the start of the New Year
visit (to a shrine, grave, etc.); worship
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
right away; without delay; as soon as possible; very soon
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
so; like this; in this way
confections; sweets; candy; cake
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
summer vacation; summer holiday
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question