well then ...; in that situation; in which case
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
guidance; leading (the way); information; notice; announcement (of one's arrival); invitation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
flagstaff decorated with ivory carried by the emperor or a general
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
divine spirit; spirit of the dead
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
ward; borough; city (in Tokyo); district (e.g. electoral); section; zone (e.g. postal)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
fall; crash (e.g. aircraft)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
right in the center (centre)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
passing through (a tunnel, station, town, etc.); passing by (e.g. of a typhoon); passage (of a bill, e.g. through parliament); carriage; passing (an examination, inspection, etc.); clearing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
staff officer; military staff; adviser; counselor; counsellor
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
aviation; flight; flying; to fly; to take a flight
prohibition; inhibition; ban
limits; boundary; domain; area (e.g. in programming languages)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
demotion; relegation; downgrading
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
adds force or indicates command
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few