equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
joint (knee, elbow, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
faithful; devoted; loyal; honest; true
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
reappearance; reemergence; return; reproduction; reenactment; recreation
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
Japanese league; ri; neighbourhood (under the ritsuryo system; orig. of 50 homes); unit of area (approx. 654m by 654m)
swimming in the ocean; sea bathing; seawater bath; going for a dip in the ocean
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
camel; camel (cloth); cloth made from camel hair; camel (color); light yellowish brown
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds
defense; defence; guard; policing; security
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis