to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to change into; to convert into; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
measure; step; countermeasure; counterplan; countermove; strategy
bureau; department; office (e.g. post, telephone); broadcasting station (e.g. television, radio); affair; situation
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
stronghold; citadel; headquarters
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
this for sure; certainly is
urgent business; pressing need; imperative
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
policy; course; plan (of action); magnetic needle
to emboss; to print out; to print; to work out (e.g. policy); to hammer out; to strike (a drum indicating the end of a performance)
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to come to like; to become fond of; to fall in love
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
such; this sort of; like this