be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
suddenly; at once; considerably; very much; firmly; with an effort
to bear; to stand; to restrain; to control; to forgive; to put up with
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
scene; view; prospect; outlook
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
citizen of a prefecture; prefectural citizen
one's nature; one's destiny; custom; tradition; habit
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
footprints; record of page visitors (e.g. in social networking sites)
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
credit; money owed on an account; bill; hot noodles in broth; proportion (of wholesale price, as tenths of list price); in the midst of; rest
river; stream; River; the ... river
(geisha) teahouse; establishment where patrons are entertained by geisha
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
perfectly; right on the mark; spot on; enough; sufficiently; thoroughly
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
to cross (legs or arms); to link (arms); to put together; to construct; to braid; to plait; to grapple
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
blunder; fault; error; mistake; failure; disgrace
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
seaside; seashore; coast; coastland