hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
textbook; coursebook; schoolbook
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
day duty; day shift; class duty (students)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
scrawl; scribble; graffiti; doodle
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
had better ...; had better not ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates two contrasting actions; (arch.) indicates possessive (often found in place names and compound words)
in that way; thus; so; so?
earth science; geoscience
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly