method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
a little over; a little more than; powerhouse; one of the biggest; upper (seismic intensity)
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
what; so-and-so; such and such; what?; wait; well, well
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
warm; mild; considerate; kind; warm (of a colour); mellow
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
world; society; people; the public
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
aspect; phase; condition; modality (philosophy)
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
leaving behind; desertion; abandonment
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
charge; duty; person in charge; connection; linking
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
carrying in (esp. heavy objects, artwork, furniture); bringing in; taking in
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
light (e.g. aircraft, truck); light motor vehicle (up to 660cc and 64bhp); kei car
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category