indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
(not) anywhere; nowhere; everywhere; anywhere
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
honorific/polite/humble prefix
older brother; elder brother
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in that way; thus; so; so?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
as a child; when one was a child
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
bell (often a large hanging bell); chime
hello; good day; good afternoon
please; somehow or other; one way or another
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for