indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to remove; to take off; to drop (e.g. from a team); to remove (from a position); to leave (e.g. one's seat); to go away from
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to lean (something) against; to set against; to prop up against
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
orbit; trajectory; railroad track; (right) track; proper course
return; comeback; reinstatement; carriage return; CR
threshold; breaking point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to reach; to get to; to arrive at
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to face; to go towards; to head towards
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
useless; no future in it; doesn't make sense; having no point
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
fall; crash (e.g. aircraft)
Mare Tranquillitatis (lunar mare); Sea of Tranquility
all people; everybody; ten thousand people
instant; moment; for an instant
extinction; extinguishment; disappearance; annihilation
space development; space exploration
big; large; drastic; full-width cloth (approx. 72 cm wide for traditional Japanese clothing; approx. 140 cm wide for Western clothing)
retreat; falling back; recession; waning; backspace (key)
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both