well then ...; in that situation; in which case
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
Naniwa (former name for Osaka region)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
evening; last night; yesterday evening
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
end (e.g. of street); tip; beginning; start; odds and ends; scrap
hibernation; staying indoors during winter
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
championship game; finals (of a tournament); deciding round
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
time (three times, each time, etc.); times
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
staff with plaited paper streamers
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins)
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
to offer something to a deity or somebody's spirit; to pay a tribute to a person who is about to depart
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
to rub; to crumple; to massage; to argue; to have a heated discussion; to train; to coach
brocade; fine dress; fine clothes
at the mercy of (e.g. wind, waves); (act) as one is told (by)
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
secret story; unknown episode
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
feeling; sense; impression
reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos
reading aloud; reading a kanji by its Chinese-derived pronunciation
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen
Yamashiro (former province located in the south of present-day Kyoto Prefecture)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot