chief advisor to the Emperor (adviser)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Kyūshū (southernmost of the four main islands of Japan)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
returning to (one's home in) Tokyo; returning to (one's home in) the capital
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
adds force or indicates command
grey wall covering material (gray)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(arch.) southern barbarians (formerly used by the Chinese to refer to non-ethnic Chinese to the south); (arch.) South-East Asia; (arch.) Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal, their South-East Asian colonies, and their goods and people arriving in Japan via the colonies); exotic (esp. Western European or South-East Asian style); (in dance, puppetry, etc.) thrusting the right foot and right arm forward at the same time (or left foot and left arm); nanban; dish prepared using chili peppers and Welsh onions
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
to harm; to hurt; to injure; to miss one's chance to (do something); to fail to (do what one ought to have done)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
command; order; dictation; nth year in the Reiwa era (May 1, 2019-)
proclamation; promulgation
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
early; a little earlier than usual; a little faster than usual; slightly quicker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
it's best to; it's safest to; there's nothing better than
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
now; the present time; just now; another; more
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
carefully; thoroughly; fully; deliberately
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
gold (Au); golden; prosperous; money (esp. ōban coin); cash
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
this world; this life; world of the living