this sort of; of this kind; of the sort; such
short sleeved kimono (worn as an undergarment during the Heian period); padded silk garment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
plain; simple; reserved (behaviour, attitude, etc.); modest; quite; a (little) bit
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
(arch.) southern barbarians (formerly used by the Chinese to refer to non-ethnic Chinese to the south); (arch.) South-East Asia; (arch.) Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal, their South-East Asian colonies, and their goods and people arriving in Japan via the colonies); exotic (esp. Western European or South-East Asian style); (in dance, puppetry, etc.) thrusting the right foot and right arm forward at the same time (or left foot and left arm); nanban; dish prepared using chili peppers and Welsh onions
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
showy; loud; gay; flashy; gaudy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
be that as it may; even so; though that be so
doctor to a shogun or daimyo (Edo period)
news; word; tidings; omen
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what kind of; whatever sort of; no matter what; however much
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
knowledge; awareness; consent; acceptance; forgiving; pardoning
interruption (e.g. of a conversation)
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
child; offspring; issue; sperm; (one's) seed