origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
war; battle; match; game; competition
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
to follow in succession; to happen one after another
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
uninhabited island; desert island
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
match; game; bout; contest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
invalid; void; ineffective; unavailable
sun; saint; San (people); son
river; stream; River; the ... river
rematch; replay; make-up game
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
Japanese representative; Japanese delegate; Japanese delegation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
metre; meter; meter; gauge
cavern; cave; cave system; grotto
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to loiter; to putter; to prowl; to wander about; to roam about; to knock around
downstream; lower reaches of a river; lower classes
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
waterfall; (arch.) rapids
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
to satisfy (conditions, one's appetite, etc.); to meet (e.g. demands); to fulfill; to fill (e.g. a cup); to pack; to supply
waterway; canal; channel; swimming pool lane
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
(one's) exclusive use; private use; dedicated use; use for a particular purpose; exclusive use (of particular products); using only (e.g. a certain brand)
diving; submerging; going underwater
tool; implement; means; furniture
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
escape; break-out; prolapse; proptosis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work