fateful; decisive (e.g. war)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
decisive battle; deciding match; play-off
fresh made; freshly baked; freshly roasted
nine; team; players on a team; no
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
entrance; admission; entering
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
sound; noise; note; Chinese-derived character reading
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
just one person; only one
expresses incredulousness, disbelief, irony, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
commercial (radio, TV, etc.); ad; construction management; contract manufacturer; customer management; court martial
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
tsubo; traditional unit of land area, approx. 3.31 square meters; tsubo; traditional unit of fabric or paper area, approx. 9.18 square centimeters; tsubo; traditional unit of leather or tile area, approx. 918 square centimeters
mound; heap; hillock; burial mound; tomb; tumulus
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
in that way; thus; so; so?
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
opponent; adversary; the competition; the other side; one's enemy
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
performer; entertainer; celebrity
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
aloneness; loneliness; solitude
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
baldness; bald head; bald person; baldy; idiot; moron
craftsman; artisan; tradesman; worker; workman
to be silent; to say nothing