Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods); medieval times; mediaeval times
European countries; European nations
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
religion; religious affiliation; belief; religious activity
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
people; race; nation; ethnic group; ethnos
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to compete; to contest; to quarrel; to argue; to deny (e.g. evidence)
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
people; men and women; each person; everybody
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
increasing one's fighting spirit
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to plan; to attempt; to plot; to conspire; to aim for; to strive for
French bread (esp. baguette); breadstick
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to crown; to cap; to prefix with; to start with; to begin with
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
gotcha; alrighty; got it; OK
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment