indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
wisdom; jnana (higher knowledge)
suffix for familiar person
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
care-taking; house-sitting; house-watching; caretaker; house-sitter
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
summer vacation; summer holiday
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
for your information; I'm telling you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
national language; Japanese language (often as a school subject in Japan); native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)
print; printing; (printed) copy; handout; flyer
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
of course; certainly; naturally
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sweets (desserts, candy, etc.)
to give (someone) a treat; to be extravagant; to live luxuriously; to be proud; to be haughty
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest