indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pulse; pulse rate; pulsation; stroke of pulse
picking out; taking out; (surgical) removal; exposure
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
reinforcement; strengthening
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
death; mortality; to die; to pass away
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
feces (esp. animal); excrement; dung
other people's affairs; somebody else's problem