pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to step aside; to move (i.e. out of the way); to make way
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
police; police officer; police station
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
how; in what way; how about
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
please (give me); please (do for me)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
husband and wife; married couple
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
surely; clearly; without a doubt; in all probability; no matter how one slices it; no matter how one looks at it
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
continuation; succession; series
middle-age; middle age; midlife; one's middle years
married couple; husband and wife; man and wife; his and hers; pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman)
condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for