honorific/polite/humble prefix
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
imitating; copying; mimicry; behavior; behaviour; action
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
important; momentous; essential; principal; major
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
backdoor; rear entrance; rear exit; unauthorized; illicit; illegal
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to feel like it; to get to think that way; to become so minded
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
breaking through; breakthrough; surmounting; overcoming; exceeding; passing
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
better than none at all; better than nothing
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
two persons; two people; pair; couple
first floor; ground floor; one floor; one storey; one rank
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
way to shoot; how to shoot
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much