indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
(medical) doctor; physician
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accomplish; to fulfill; to carry out
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
please (give me); please (do for me)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
alone; by oneself; on one's own
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to revive; to come to oneself; to be restored to life
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
monster; monstrosity; giant; influential figure; monsterlike; over-demanding
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
deformity; malformation; strange shape; unusual shape
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few