to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
until now; so far; up to the present
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
spurious article; forgery; counterfeit; imitation; sham
artificial product; man-made product; fiction; made-up story; decoration (e.g. for a festival); theatrical prop (esp. a large prop in noh or kyogen, e.g. tree, well, boat)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation