to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to kick the bucket; to drop dead; to die; to be pooped; to be exhausted; to be knackered
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
careless; stupid; thoughtless; heedless; unobservant; inadvertent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to break; to destroy; to wreck; to ruin; to break (a bill, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
form of magic or divination (e.g. animating objects to act as the sorcerer's agent)
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing