indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
image (on a screen); picture (e.g. on a TV); video; film; reflection; image (in one's mind)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
sense; idea; desire; concern; attention; care
power; authority; might; influence; dignity; majesty
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
unconfirmed; unidentified
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
life; existence; (one's) working life; career; life force; lifeblood
unclear; obscure; unknown; unidentified; ignorance; lack of wisdom
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
town; city; municipal; urban
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious