to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to put an end to something; to get something over with; to quit something one has been engaged in too long or to an excessive degree
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
by all means; no matter what; at any rate
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
anyhow; at all events; in any case; either way; anyway
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
forever; for good; eternally; as long as one likes; indefinitely; no matter what
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
giving and receiving; transferring; transfer; changing hands
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out; to be away from (e.g. one's house); to leave (temporarily); to dawn
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
cannot (due to external circumstances); cannot afford to; must not; impossible to; no way one can (do)
besides; in addition; also; moreover
Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
in respect of; in regards to; as for
humour; humor; safety; health; in a good mood; in high spirits
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
displeasure; discomfort; unpleasantness; indisposition; ailment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
I would be most grateful if you could ...; I would humbly ask that you ...; please ...