flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
fence; hedge; barrier; wall; railing
martial arts; military arts; Bushido
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
absence from work without permission
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
splash; spray; chance blow; by-blow; getting dragged into (a quarrel, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to smoke; to breathe in; to suck; to sip; to absorb; to soak up
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to pass (of time); to elapse
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
time; hour; period; class
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to make a payment via bank deposit transfer; to discard another player's winning tile
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
on this occasion; now; in these circumstances; with this opportunity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
myself; yourself; I; me; you
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart