indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
head; chief; boss; leader
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ending; conclusion; join; union; knot; knotting
oak; orc (fictional race common in fantasy literature); ork
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
going into battle; departure for the front
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
Western-inspired art (Edo period); oil painting
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
immediately; right away; on the spot
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
arrangements; plan; programme; program; preparations
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
body; group; party; gang; troupe; troop
discovery; detection; finding
one side; one party; counterpart; one of a pair; fellow; mate
close associate; close aide; brains-truster
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
superior (in rank); top; higher order (e.g. byte); host computer (of connected device)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?