indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
seed leaves (of a dicot); cotyledons; bud; early stages; very beginning
suffix for familiar person
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
private house; one's own house
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thump-thump; bang-bang; pit-a-pat; to beat fast (of one's heart); to throb; to pound
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to brew (sake, etc.); to cause; to bring on; to bring about
to lend; to loan; to rent out; to hire out
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
impossible; unlikely; improbable