so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
demonstration; verification; substantiation; actual proof
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
many; much; a great amount; (arch.) excessive amount
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
change; alteration; modification
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to include (in a group or scope); to instruct; to make one understand; to include (a nuance); to put in (an implication); to put in (someone's) mouth
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
genuine article; real thing; real deal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
bad luck; bad fortune; evil; wickedness
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very