this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the end; the extremity; the limit; the limits; the result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
trembling; getting nervous; excited; thrilled
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
adventure; venture; venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
reaching; attaining; arrival
obstruction; check; hindrance; prevention; impediment; interdiction
without (doing); instead of; if (it) isn't done; if (one) doesn't do ...; if not ...; unless ...
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
gold (Au); golden; prosperous; money (esp. ōban coin); cash
bell (often a large hanging bell); chime
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
lightning; thunder; god of thunder; god of lightning; anger; fit of anger
tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa); moutan; wild boar (meat)
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished