really; truly; indeed; good grief
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
in that way; thus; so; so?
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to not give in; to be obstinate; to be stubborn; to be perverse
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
suffix for familiar person
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to reach; to amount to; to be up to the task; to come up to; to compare with; to be a match (for)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force or indicates command
government; administration
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow (a person); to accompany; to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out