to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to avoid (physical contact with); to avoid (situation); to ward off; to avert; to put aside; to move out of the way
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
had better ...; had better not ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
primary school; elementary school; grade school
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
close; intimate; on good terms
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
now; the present time; just now; another; more
in the same way as; just like
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...