time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Common Era; CE; Christian Era; Western (Gregorian) calendar
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
change; alteration; modification
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to plan; to form a plan; to scheme; to envision; to intend to do
time; hour; period; class
going upstream; sailing against the current
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
to be destroyed; to perish; to go out (e.g. fire); to destroy; to get rid of; to extinguish
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sword; dagger; knife; bayonet
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
we; us; (arch.) I; (arch.) me; (arch.) you (referring to a group of one's equals or inferiors)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
life or death struggle; mortal combat; struggle to the death
to unfold; to unroll; to open
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); proprietress; (arch.) entertaining someone as one's guest
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
of late; lately; this part; this point; here
practice; practising; training; study
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle