department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
establishment; founding; organization; organisation
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
staff; member (club, society, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; immediately; instantly; right away
magnification; enlargement; expansion; amplification
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
pleasant; agreeable; comfortable
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
company; corporation; workplace
management; administration; operation