event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
honorific/polite/humble prefix
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
racing (of an engine); spinning one's wheels; running idle; fruitless effort; going nowhere; going round in circles
how; in what way; how about
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
(somebody else's) parents; both parents
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
withdrawal; retraction; revocation; repeal
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
nonsense; silly talk; drivel; rubbish
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
son (of others); boy; young master; green young man from a well-to-do family; young man innocent of the ways of the world
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of