indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to serve; to work for; to attend
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to spell; to write; to compose; to bind (e.g. documents); to patch
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
raw; uncooked; natural; as it is; unprotected (sex); live (i.e. not recorded); inexperienced
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
to be stormy; to be rough; to be rough (of skin); to be chapped; to be ruined; to fall into ruin
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
already; now; by this time; quick; early; fast
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
will; intent; desire; will; testament
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky