definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
defense; defence; protection
town; city; municipal; urban
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
epidemic; plague; pestilence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
destruction; annihilation; devastation; catastrophe
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
refugee; displaced person; person inconvenienced by (lack of something); person unable to satisfactorily (marry, shop, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
carrier (of a disease-causing agent)
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
receiving; acceptance; reception
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
difficulty; hardship; trouble; infeasibility; inability (to carry out)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
while it may be true that; just because; nevertheless; not necessarily
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to abandon; to fail; to desert; to forsake
humanity; sidewalk; footpath; human realm
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be contrary to; to be inconsistent with; to act contrary to (rules or guidelines); to violate; to oppose; to rebel
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to take measures (against); to take steps
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
needle; pin; hook; stinger; thorn; hand (e.g. clock, etc.); pointer
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
please; I beg you; for mercy's sake
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
how; in what way; how about