going ahead; going first; preceding; coming before; scoring first; getting off to a lead
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
class (e.g. school); grade; rank; kyū; kyu; junior rank in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
origin; source; history; originally; from the start; by nature
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
mess; sorry state; -ways; -wards; in the act of ...; just as one is ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
guy; fellow; chap; bastard; asshole; arsehole
deed (esp. negative); act; action; one's doing
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
trampling down; overrunning; infringement; violation
after (a long process); at the end of; last line (of a renga)
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
(hard) candy; toffee; rice-sugar; sugar made from the starch of rice, potatoes, etc.; amber; yellowish-brown
work; workmanship; craftsmanship; artifice; trick; device
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to knead; to mix with fingers; to quibble; to argue for argument's sake
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
taste (in fashion, music, etc.); sense (e.g. of humour); flair
fragment; broken piece; chip; ounce (of truth, conscience, etc.); trace; shred
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
objet d'art; item of artwork; object; curio
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi