confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
designation; specification; assignment; appointment; pointing at
time; hour; period; class
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
-ish; -like; resembling; appearing to be; seeming to be
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
to blow upon; to breathe on; to pick (a fight); to force (unreasonable terms); to exaggerate; to overcharge
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error (e.g. in calculation); to confuse; to mistake something for something else
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; the present time; just now; another; more
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
transactions; dealings; business
suspension; stoppage; discontinuance; interruption
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
as soon as possible; ASAP
evacuation; withdrawal; revocation; repeal; retreat
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)