indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
subjugation (using military force); suppression; subduing
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
ultimate; ultimate (sport); ultimate frisbee
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
showy; loud; gay; flashy; gaudy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
going into battle; departure for the front
adds force or indicates command
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
national border; provincial border
than; from; out of; except; but; more
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
pyrotechnic signal; signal flare
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
royal castle; imperial castle
taking refuge; finding shelter; evacuation; escape; seeking safe haven
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come