no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
myself; oneself; (arch.) I; (arch.) me; (arch.) you (referring to one's inferior)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
sacrifice; victim; sacrifice (to a deity)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
desperate; frantic; excited; worked up; heated; eager
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
pair; the two; both persons; both things
really; truly; indeed; good grief
another thing; exception; special case
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
spurious article; forgery; counterfeit; imitation; sham
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
genuine article; real thing; real deal
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case