today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to live; to make a living; to get on with
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
interior angle; internal angle; inside corner
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
external angle; exterior angle; outside corner
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
it is not (like that) either
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
stealthily; secretly; in secret
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
playing; play (margin between on and off, gap before pressing button or lever has an effect)
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid