dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
throne; crown; government position; court rank; social standing; rank; grade (of quality, etc.)
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
than; from; out of; except; but; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to make a sound; to give off a sound; to hear a sound
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
equipment; facilities; installation; accommodations; conveniences; arrangements
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
machine; mechanism; instrument; appliance; apparatus
function; facility; faculty; feature
meaning; significance; sense
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
living thing; living creature; animal; life
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!