tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to have meaning; to be meaningful
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
book; volume; this; present; main; head
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become