indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rushing into; breaking into; storming; plunging into (war, etc.); embarking on (a new venture)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to unfold; to unroll; to open
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
offense and defense; offence and defence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
another place; somewhere else; outside (one's family or group); someone else; not caring for; being indifferent to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
large number; innumerable; great many; immense; vast; abundant
the people; citizens; the populace
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(insectile, especially moth) scales
by means of; due to; because of; according to
action; operation; effect; function
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
selection; classification; sorting; screening; triage
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
at that time; in those days; at that moment; then
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to come alive; to get going; to start to move
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
charging (electrically); electrification
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much