indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
heart; guts; nerve; central part
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
stoppage; coming to a stop; ceasing (movement, activity, etc.); suspension (of operations); suspension (of payment, licence, etc.); (temporary) prohibition
at the same time as; while; as well as (multiple roles)
putting into operation; invocation
bomb; alcohol with liquor added (esp. wine-based shōchū highball, also beer with whiskey)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
death from explosion; death from bombing; bombing (in sales); flopping
breath; breathing; tone; mood
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be in time (for); to serve (suit, meet) the purpose; to be good enough; to be enough
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
how; in what way; by what means
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
cell; cell (in an organization, esp. a communist party)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
every corner; every nook and cranny; all the ins and outs
to diffuse; to spread throughout; to prevail; to become widespread; to reach everyone
to heal; to cure; to satisfy (e.g. hunger, thirst); to alleviate (e.g. sorrow, fatigue)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
how; in what way; how about; questionable
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good flavor; good flavour; delicacy; dainty